Table 3 Univariable analysis of risk factors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients using WHO severity scale at the time of admission

Mean Age (yrs.)

52.5 ± 22.1

58.4 ± 17.9

61.0 ± 15.4

61.3 ± 13.8

A vs. C, p = 0.004

Mean BMI

29.3 ± 7.5

32.0 ± 11.1

32.9 ± 10.1

33.4 ± 12.4

A vs. C, p = 0.06

Median CWIC score

0.0 (0.0, 2.0)

1.0 (0.0, 2.0)

0.0 (0.0, 2.0)

0.0 (0.0, 2.0)

0.32

Mean Respiratory Rate on Admission

18.6 ± 3.5

19.3 ± 4.1

21.0 ± 5.7

23.6 ± 8.7

A vs. C, p = 0.006; A vs. D, p < 0.001; B vs. D, p < 0.001, C vs. D, p = 0.06

Mean WBC Count

7.6 ± 3.6

8.0 ± 6.7

7.5 ± 4.1

10.4 ± 6.2

A vs. D, p = 0.025; C vs. D, p = 0.012

Mean Absolute Neutrophil Count

5.4 ± 3.3

5.3 ± 3.8

5.9 ± 3.8

8.4 ± 5.9

A vs. D and B vs. D, p < 0.001, C vs. D p = 0.006

Median Creatinine on Admission

0.9 (0.8, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.4)

0.9 (0.7,1.4)

1.3 (1.0, 1.7)

0.004

Race

< 0.001

White

34.3% (34)

45.6% (41)

56.1% (64)

42.1% (16)

Black

61.6% (61)

51.1% (46)

38.6% (44)

39.5% (15)

Other

4.0% (4)

3.3% (3)

5.3% (6)

18.4% (7)

Smoking

17.2% (17)

23.3% (21)

13.2% (15)

5.3% (2)

0.12

Hypertension

48.5% (48)

64.4% (58)

64.9% (74)

60.5% (23)

0.06

Steroid Use (Home)

1.0% (1)

1.1% (1)

6.1% (7)

2.6% (1)

0.09

Mean Serum Albumin

3.9 ± 0.73

3.6 ± 0.52

3.5 ± 0.49

3.4 ± 0.60

A vs. B, p = 0.012; A vs. C & A vs. D, p < 0.001

Vaccination group

0.005

None

53.5% (53)

64.4% (58)

71.1% (81)

84.2% (32)

Partial

10.1% (10)

5.6% (5)

8.8% (10)

10.5% (4)

Complete

36.4% (36)

30.0% (27)

20.2% (23)

5.3% (2)