Severe COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease: bidirectional mendelian randomization study

Table 2 Pleiotropy and heterogeneity analyses

Exposure	Outcome	No. of SNPs	MR-Egger regression		MR-PRESSO		Heterogeneity analyses
Exposure	Outcome	No. of SNPs	Intercept	p_intercept	Global test p	Correct p *	Method	Q	Q_pval
CKD	sever COVID-19	4	0.021	0.766	4.498037	0.532	IVW	2.948	0.3998
CKD	sever COVID-19	4	0.021	0.766	4.498037	0.532	MR Egger	2.787	2.787
sever COVID-19	CKD	6	-0.00094	0.972	9.058734	0.338	IVW	6.608	0.2514
sever COVID-19	CKD	6	-0.00094	0.972	9.058734	0.338	MR Egger	6.606	0.1582

Abbreviations: IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR-PRESSO, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms. *Correct p is computed by eliminating instrument variations with horizontal pleiotropy if pleiotropy is detected by the MR-PRESSO global test and there is a sizable difference between the outcomes before and after the outlier is eliminated

ISSN: 1743-422X