Systemic perturbations in amino acids/amino acid derivatives and tryptophan pathway metabolites associated with murine influenza A virus infection

Table 2 Changes in levels of 18 metabolites of the tryptophan pathway between control and infected mice at the acute, resolution, and recovery stages of IAV infection

Metabolites of the tryptophan pathway	Concentration change at 7 dpi between control and infected group		Concentration change at 14 dpi between control and infected group		Concentration change at 21 dpi bewteen control and infected group
	Change (µM)	p	Change (µM)	p	Change (µM)	p
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide	0.53	0.78	− 291.46	0.053	59.57	0.58
Dopamine	− 0.19	0.37	− 2.10	0.028	1.64	0.21
Indole-3-acetic acid	− 290.80	0.0005	− 84.31	0.46	− 255.57	0.16
Kynurenic acid	− 0.31	0.84	− 2.54	0.28	− 0.08	0.97
Kynurenine	137.27	0.0086	32.94	0.41	− 37.76	0.52
Melatonin	0.00	0.97	0.01	0.99	0.00	0.99
Neopterin	− 0.03	0.90	0.26	0.68	0.07	0.89
Nicotinamide adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺)	14.22	0.10	− 202.85	0.35	81.13	0.26
Nicotinamide riboside	− 2.56	0.67	− 40.29	0.027	0.03	0.99
Nicotinic acid	− 1.40	0.66	− 34.27	0.12	9.01	0.43
Picolinic acid	− 6.34	0.18	− 5.50	0.21	3.10	0.75
Quinolinic acid	23.59	0.39	− 28.43	0.64	− 54.32	0.53
Serotonin	1.05	0.21	− 2.44	0.07	0.68	0.79
Tryptophan	0.97	0.58	− 0.23	0.96	− 2.98	0.13
Hydroxyanthranilic acid	− 0.76	0.036	− 25.34	0.27	− 1.35	0.37
Hydroxykynurenine	3.70	0.036	2.94	0.40	− 5.68	0.35
Hydroxyindole acetic acid	− 12.56	0.60	− 147.48	0.32	− 60.23	0.34
Xanthurenic acid	0.56	0.61	− 4.95	0.024	− 4.25	0.47

Bold numbers indicate a decrease in IAV infection, whereas italic numbers indicate an increase (p < 0.05) in IAV infection

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