Fig. 2
From: DNA damage response(DDR): a link between cellular senescence and human cytomegalovirus
The relationship between cellular senescence and DNA damage. Senescence can be activated by different stimuli, including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and oncogene activation. A central factor involved in all aspects of senescence is the sustained DNA damage response (DDR), which causes cell cycle arrest via the p53 and RB-dependent pathways and SASP secretion via the NF-kB and cGAS-STING pathways, ultimately inducing cellular senescence. This figure was modified according to the published Fig. 1 in reference [204].