Fig. 4

Characterization of gut microbial alterations in the oral aspirin rat model

(A) Venn diagram of OTUs in the aspirin (ASP) and control (NC) groups. (B) The bacterial diversity in the ASP and NC groups was estimated by the observed-species diversity, Chao-1, Shannon index and Simpson indexes. (C) The beta diversity in the NC and ASP groups was assessed by Weighted Unifrac ANOSIM analysis. A principal coordinate analysis plot of the similarities between the groups was based on the UniFrac distances. Principal components PCOA1 and PCOA2 explained 76.87% and 8.55% of the variance, respectively. (D-F) Relative abundances of OTUs assigned at the Phylum, Genus and Family levels. (G) LEfSe analysis of taxonomic differences among the NC and ASP groups. Taxonomic biomarkers found in the ASP (red) and control (blue) groups were identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSE). The LDA scores obtained from the microbial groups with significant differences in the ASP and NC groups were confirmed by regression analysis (LDA threshold 2). (H) Functional differences in predicted genes in 16SrRNA gene sequencing related to KEGG pathways at level 2