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Fig. 4 | Virology Journal

Fig. 4

From: The mechanisms of nerve injury caused by viral infection in the occurrence of gastrointestinal motility disorder-related diseases

Fig. 4

Gastrointestinal responses following viral infection of the ENS. After entering the GI tract, different viruses pass through the intestinal mucosa through their own means. HSV-1 is directly taken up and transported by intestinal epithelial cells and then enters the ENS axon terminals. Alternatively, it crosses intestinal epithelial cells by disrupting tight junctions between cells. SARS-CoV-2 is transported through the ACE2 receptor, and TMPRSS2 can enable the virus to bind to the receptor more efficiently. Following viral infection, a range of responses occur. CCL2 released by the ENS recruits macrophages through the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. The recruitment of various inflammatory cells leads to the release of inflammatory factors. There are also changes in gut microbiota and the expression of sodium channel isoforms

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X