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Fig. 3 | Virology Journal

Fig. 3

From: Harnessing the immune system to overcome cytokine storm and reduce viral load in COVID-19: a review of the phases of illness and therapeutic agents

Fig. 3

Immune dysregulation in cytokine release syndrome. The involvement of the immune system in COVID-19 is in 3 phases: initial inflammation which is characterized by delayed interferon response and robust viral replication, the pulmonary inflammation phase which is characterized by sub-optimal T-cell and antibody response, leading to increased vascular leakage and permeability and impaired viral clearance, and the hyperinflammation phase which is characterized by very severe infiltration of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils—this leads to progressive lung injury and ARDS as well as hemodynamic instability and shock

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X