From: Hepatitis C virus management: potential impact of nanotechnology
Carrier for: | Composition | Advantages |
---|---|---|
RBV-boronic acid | PGA and acylated PGA NPs encapsulating RBV-boronic acid | Decreases RBV accumulation in red blood cells to help prevent hemolytic anemia |
RBV monophosphate | Mixture of arabinogalactan–poly (L-lysine) and poly (D, L-lactic acid) polymer | 1- Stable, biodegradable nanocomplex 2- Dual function of targeting hepatocytes and sustained release of RBV 3- RBV accumulates in liver of mice after i.v. administration of RBV monophosphate, then RBV content gradually decreases for at least 7 days |
CsA | PLGA NPs | 1- Reduces toxic effects associated with free CsA 2- Decreased immunosuppressive effects compared to conventional treatment with CsA |
HCV vaccine | CpG oligodeoxynucleotide + recombinant HCV NS3 encapsulated in a cationic liposome | Increases not only cellular but also humoral immune response against HCV NS3 |
Anti-HCV peptides | P41, peptide derived from HCV NS5A + ionic nanocomplex | 1- Decreases cytotoxicity, hemolytic effect and proteolytic degradation while maintaining antiviral activity against HCV 2- Inhibits HCV core and NS5A proteins from binding with lipid droplets, which is known to be an essential step for viral assembly and release |
Anti-HCV siRNA | Galactose functionalized dendritic nanovector + siRNA against the 5' untranslated region of HCV genome | 1- Improves cellular uptake of siRNA 2- Decreases rapid degradation of siRNA by nucleases and improves their blood stability |
Anti-HCV deoxyribozymes | Iron oxide magnetic NPs as a carrier for DNAzyme Dz681 | 1- Inhibits HCV NS3 replication through the knockdown of HCV NS3 gene expression 2- Higher knockdown efficiency than free DNAzyme transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 3- Did not induce any undesired immune responses in vitro |
Anti-HCV phenolic compounds | Silibinin, the active polyphenolic agent of milk thistle, incorporated with liposomes as a nanovector | 1 -Improves solubility and delivery of silibinin 2 -Non-toxic and high antiviral activity to prevent entry with preferential absorption by hepatocyte |
Anti-HCV aptamer | Magnetic nanoconjugate + aptamer (Apt-E1E2-6) | 1- Efficiently eradicates HCV particles and decreases the viral titer from human plasma samples 2- Provides non-invasive technique for HCV removal with minimal side effects |
HCV polymerase inhibitors and protease inhibitors | HCV protease and polymerase inhibitors + anti-fibrotic/anti-hemolytic + viral entry inhibitor agents + naturally driven polyphenol/thiols and non-anticoagulant GAGs | Allows for optimal antiviral efficacy and optimal safety profile |