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  1. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); a severe respiratory distress that has emerged from the city of Wuhan, Hubei prov...

    Authors: Hosni A. M. Hussein, Ali A. Thabet, Ahmed A. Wardany, Ahmed M. El-Adly, Mohamed Ali, Mohamed E. A. Hassan, Mohamed A. B. Abdeldayem, Abdul-Rahman M. A. Mohamed, Ali Sobhy, Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar, Magdy M. Afifi, Samah M. Fathy and Serageldeen Sultan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:75
  2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem that seriously threatens human health. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in the occurrence...

    Authors: Xing Su, Zhaohui Wang, Jihui Li, Shuai Gao, Yuchen Fan and Kai Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:72
  3. COVID-19 disease resulted in over six million deaths worldwide. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated efficacy, breakthrough infections became increasingly common. There is still a lack of data reg...

    Authors: Shatha Alshanqeeti, Susan Szpunar, Premchand Anne, Louis Saravolatz and Ashish Bhargava
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:71
  4. Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, different variants and subvariants successively emerged to dominate global virus circulation as a result of immune evasion, replication fitness or both. COVID-19 vaccines con...

    Authors: Samuel M.S. Cheng, Chris K.P. Mok, John K.C. Li, Ken K.P. Chan, Kristine S. Luk, Ben H.W. Lee, Haogao Gu, Karl C.K. Chan, Leo C.H. Tsang, Karen Y.S. Yiu, Ken K.C. Ling, Yun Sang Tang, Leo L.H. Luk, Jennifer K.M. Yu, Andrew Pekosz, Richard J. Webby…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:70
  5. Besides the well-established efficacy in preventing severe COVID-19, the impact of early treatments, namely antivirals and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), on the time length to negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasal...

    Authors: Marta Colaneri, Giovanni Scaglione, Federico Fassio, Lucia Galli, Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Arianna Gabrieli, Maciej Tarkowski, Carla Della Ventura, Valeria Colombo, Laura Cordier, Davide Bernasconi, Mario Corbellino, Gianfranco Dedivitiis, Silvia Borghetti, Debora Visigalli…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:68
  6. Since 1997, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, such as H5N1, have been recognized as a possible pandemic hazard to men and the poultry business. The rapid rate of mutation of H5N1 viruses makes the who...

    Authors: Fatemeh Dashti, Arash Raisi, Ghazaleh Pourali, Zahra Sadat Razavi, Fatemeh Ravaei, Javid Sadri Nahand, Fatemeh Kourkinejad-Gharaei, Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi, Javad Zamani, Hossein Tarrahimofrad, Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian and Hamed Mirzaei
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:67
  7. Authors: Even Fossum, Andreas Rohringer, Torstein Aune, Kjersti Margrethe Rydland, Karoline Bragstad and Olav Hungnes
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:66

    The original article was published in Virology Journal 2024 21:57

  8. COVID-19 is a complex disease that can lead to fatal respiratory failure with extrapulmonary complications, either as a direct result of viral invasion in multiple organs or secondary to oxygen supply shortage...

    Authors: Abbas Tazarghi, Sahar Bazoq, Mohammad Hosein Taziki Balajelini, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Seyed Mehran Hosseini and Hadi Razavi Nikoo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:65
  9. Canine enteric coronavirus (CCV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) are the main pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis in dogs, and both single and mixed infections are common. This study aimed to ...

    Authors: Laiqing Li, Cuicui Chen, Huankun Liang, Wenqi Dong, V. N. Leontiev and Igor Vitalievich Voytov
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:64
  10. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens associated with congenital infection worldwide. Most congenital CMV-infected infants are asymptomatic at birth; however, some can develop delayed se...

    Authors: Lauro Juliano Marin, Pérola Rodrigues dos Santos, Felipe Charu Ramos, Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Marcílio Marques, Luciana Debortoli de Carvalho, Sandra Rocha Gadelha and Victor Hugo Aquino
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:63
  11. In China, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections traditionally occur during the spring and winter seasons. However, a shift in the seasonal trend was noted in 2020–2022, during the coronavirus disease 20...

    Authors: Le-Yun Xie, Tao Wang, Tian Yu, Xian Hu, Le Yang, Li-Li Zhong, Bing Zhang and Sai-Zhen Zeng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:62

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2024 21:69

  12. Chlorogenic acid, the primary active component in Chinese medicines like honeysuckle, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. It has been demonstrated that chlorogenic acid effectively prevents and t...

    Authors: Yunyun Yang, Qiandong Zhang, Haiqing Cai, Yi Feng, Anlin Wen, Ying Yang and Ming Wen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:60
  13. The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data from the COVID-19 clinical control case studies showed tha...

    Authors: Nozethu Mjokane, Eric O. Akintemi, Saheed Sabiu, Onele M. N. Gcilitshana, Jacobus Albertyn, Carolina H. Pohl and Olihile M. Sebolai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:58
  14. Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a marked reduction in influenza infections globally. The absence of influenza has raised concerns of waning immunity, and p...

    Authors: Even Fossum, Andreas Rohringer, Torstein Aune, Kjersti Margrethe Rydland, Karoline Bragstad and Olav Hungnes
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:57

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2024 21:66

  15. Southwest China is one of the largest karst regions in the world. Karst environment is relatively fragile and vulnerable to human activities. Due to the discharge of sewage and domestic garbage, the karst syst...

    Authors: Yanju Liu, Jinfeng Wang, Ruoyu Zhao, Xiaoping Liu, Yang Dong, Wenyu Shi, Hongchen Jiang and Xiangyu Guan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:56
  16. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that may exhibit different etiological effects such as enhanced transmissibility and infectivity. However, genetic variations ...

    Authors: Momina Jabeen, Shifa Shoukat, Huma Shireen, Yiming Bao, Abbas Khan and Amir Ali Abbasi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:55
  17. Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a newly discovered swine pestivirus, which can cause congenital tremor and high mortality in newborn piglets and subclinical infection in adult pigs, leading to significan...

    Authors: Hao Song, Xiaowei Gao, Jing Li, Xinying Dong, Yanhui Fu, Lina Shao, Jiaoer Zhang, Hua-Ji Qiu and Yuzi Luo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:53
  18. Astroviruses (AstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses that have been detected in a wide range of mammals and birds. They are associated with numerous interspecies transmissions and viral recombination events, p...

    Authors: Xingyu Huang, Junjie Hou, Xiang Le, Yutong Hou, Lingsi Yang, Qian Li, Binghui Wang and Xueshan Xia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:51
  19. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious virus in cats, which typically causes respiratory tract and oral infections. Despite vaccination against FCV being a regular practice in China, new FCV cases sti...

    Authors: Semin Kim, Yixi Cheng, Zhenkun Fang, Xinyue Liu, Qiu Zhongqi, Yu Weidong, Aysun Yilmaz, Huseyin Yilmaz and Sajid Umar
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:50
  20. Viruses within the γ-herpesviruses subfamily include the causative agents of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in several species of the order Artiodactyla. MCF is a usually fatal lymphoproliferative disease affect...

    Authors: Laura Bianchessi, Edmund Flach, Giulia Monacchia, Mark Dagleish, Madeleine Maley, Lauretta Turin and Mara Silvia Rocchi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:49
  21. The antiviral properties of metal nanoparticles against various viruses, including those resistant to drugs, are currently a subject of intensive research. Recently, the green synthesis of nanoparticles and th...

    Authors: Neda Baghban, Safieh Momeni, Emad Behboudi, Hassan Dianat-Moghadam, Amirhossein Darabi, Hadiseh Shokouhi Targhi and Mohsen Keshavarz
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:48
  22. HIV infection compromises both the peripheral and central immune systems due to its pathogenic and neuropathogenic features. The mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and neuropathogenesis involve a series of ...

    Authors: Levanco Keegan Asia, Esmé Jansen Van Vuren, Zander Lindeque and Monray Edward Williams
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:47
  23. Azvudine has been approved for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China, and this meta-analysis aims to illustrate the safety of azvudine and its effectiveness in reducing mortality.

    Authors: Yaqi Wang, Huaiya Xie, Luo Wang, Junping Fan, Ying Zhang, Siqi Pan, Wangji Zhou, Qiaoling Chen, Xueqi Liu, Aohua Wu, Hong Zhang, Jinglan Wang and Xinlun Tian
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:46
  24. Lack of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) knowledge among healthcare professionals has been proven to be the main threat to pregnant women's awareness, preventing them from reducing the risk of infection. The aims of this...

    Authors: Pauline Sartori, David Baud, Begoña Martinez de Tejada, Alexandre Farin, Marie-Claude Rossier, Wawrzyniec Rieder, Sylvie Rouiller, Romaine Robyr, Gaston Grant, Béatrice Eggel, Adrien Bruno, Maeva Pretalli, Bertrand Gainon, Romina Capoccia-Brugger, Laetitia Ammon-Chansel, Clarisse De Courten…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:45
  25. Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterial species in the human gastrointestinal tract; however, it could be pathogenic and cause severe infections in intra and extra-intestinal sites. Uropathogenic E. coli accoun...

    Authors: Nedaa M. Ismael, Mohamed Azzam, Mohamed Abdelmoteleb and Ayman El-Shibiny
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:44
  26. Aedes albopictus is the secondary vector for dengue virus (DENV) in the Philippines, and also harbors chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. This study aimed to determine the minimum infection rates (MIRs) ...

    Authors: Frances Edillo, Rhoniel Ryan Ymbong, Anthoddiemn Olin Navarro, Maureen Mathilde Cabahug and Kristilynn Saavedra
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:42
  27. Studies show that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can play a role in malignancy and increase the risk of gastric cancer (GC). The objective of this research was to pinpoint genes whose expression may be inf...

    Authors: Tabassom Sedaghat Anbouhi, Hossein Sazegar and Ebrahim Rahimi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:41
  28. Since the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Belgium, UZ/KU Leuven has played a crucial role as the National Reference Centre (NRC) for respiratory pathogens, to be the first Belgian labor...

    Authors: Reile Janssen, Lize Cuypers, Lies Laenen, Els Keyaerts, Kurt Beuselinck, Sunita Janssenswillen, Bram Slechten, Jannes Bode, Elke Wollants, Kristel Van Laethem, Annabel Rector, Mandy Bloemen, Anke Sijmons, Nathalie de Schaetzen, Arnaud Capron, Kurt Van Baelen…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:40
  29. Pneumonia is the most common complication of varicella infections. Although previous studies have tended to focus mainly on immunocompromised patients, varicella pneumonia can also occur in healthy adults. The...

    Authors: Ran Cheng, Fei Lin, Zhonghua Deng, Jingjin Liang, Xiaoguang Li, Ming Lu and Lu Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:39
  30. To stop the spread of the COVID-19 disease, it is crucial to create molecular tools to investigate and diagnose COVID-19. Current efforts focus on developing specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs)...

    Authors: Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi Zadeh, Ali Ahmad Bayat, Hosein Shahsavarani, Feridoun Karimi-Busheri, Jafar Kiani, Roya Ghods and Zahra Madjd
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:37
  31. HIV reservoir quantification is essential for evaluation of HIV curative strategies and may provide valuable insights about reservoir dynamics during antiretroviral therapy. The Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA...

    Authors: N. V. E. J. Buchholtz, M. M. Nühn, T. C. M. de Jong, T. A. T. Stienstra, K. Reddy, T. Ndung’u, Z. M. Ndhlovu, K. Fisher, S. Palmer, A. M. J. Wensing, J. Symons and M. Nijhuis
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:36
  32. Progressive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can result in cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, and chronic hepatitis. While antiviral drugs that are now on the market are efficient in controlling HBV infection,...

    Authors: Xinyan Yao, Kexin Xu, Nana Tao, Shengtao Cheng, Huajian Chen, Dapeng Zhang, Minli Yang, Ming Tan, Haibo Yu, Peng Chen, Zongzhu Zhan, Siyi He, Ranran Li, Chunduo Wang, Daiqing Wu and Jihua Ren
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:35
  33. Proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates are only some of the molecular components found in exosomes released by tumor cells. They play an essential role in healthy and diseased cells as messengers of sho...

    Authors: Amirsasan Gorgzadeh, Ahmad Nazari, Adnan Ali Ehsan Ismaeel, Diba Safarzadeh, Jawad A. K. Hassan, Saman Mohammadzadehsaliani, Hadis Kheradjoo, Pooneh Yasamineh and Saman Yasamineh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:34
  34. Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause severe and life-threatening illness in humans and animals. Therefore, it is important to search for host antiviral proteins and elucidate their antiviral mechanisms for the de...

    Authors: Zhilei Zhao, Shuyi Han, Qingxun Zhang, Ye Wang, Kening Yue, Salbia Abbas and Hongxuan He
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:33
  35. Viruses have developed many mechanisms by which they can stimulate or inhibit inflammation and cause various diseases, including viral respiratory diseases that kill many people every year. One of the mechanis...

    Authors: Hamidreza Gheitasi, Mohammad Sabbaghian, Ali Akbar Shekarchi, Amir Ali Mirmazhary and Vahdat Poortahmasebi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:30
  36. Several in silico studies have determined that quercetin, a plant flavonol, could bind with strong affinity and low free energy to SARS-CoV-2 proteins involved in viral entry and replication, suggesting it could ...

    Authors: Annie V. Roy, Michael Chan, Logan Banadyga, Shihua He, Wenjun Zhu, Michel Chrétien and Majambu Mbikay
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:29
  37. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an infectious disease of the digestive tract caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), characterized by vomiting, severe diarrhea, and high mortality rates in pig...

    Authors: Yuyao Guo, Ling Sui, Deming Kong, Dan Liu, Yueyi Gao, Yanping Jiang, Wen Cui, Jiaxuan Li, Yijing Li and Li Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:28
  38. Since the emergence of the COVID-19 infection in China, it has caused considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. It causes the vast majority of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild or even n...

    Authors: Marwa H. Elnagdy, Alshimaa Magdy, Waleed Eldars, Mohamed Elgamal, Ahmed Hazem El-Nagdy, Omnia Salem, Mohamed Magdy Elmowafy, Omar Ahmed Elborsh, Abdelrahman Walid Elshafey, Muhammad Magdy Kesba, Ahmed Elsaeed Abdulgalil and Ali Sobh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:27
  39. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on male reproductive health. However, the impact of COVID-19 on sperm quality remains uncertain. This retros...

    Authors: Qi-Feng Zhang, Yu-Ji Zhang, Sheng Wang, Yu Wei, Han Zhang, Feng Li and Yong-Quan Deng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:24